A definition, development and strategies of differentiating elementary and high schools in the CR. The pioneer achievement of Czechoslovak educational science under T. G. Masaryk and E. Beneš - a conceptional effort for a humanist democratic twelveyear integrated, internally differentiated secondary/ high school - this in general reflects the strategy of the main developed countries of the contemporary world and the needs of the educational society of the 21*‘century. Nevertheless, this development strategy was not yet resumed accordingly. Post-1948 unification was replaced by an equally one-sided post-1989 segregation. The “White Paper” is a step in the right direction. Yet, it still lacks a concrete systematic project of educational differentiation.