In this study the author, being backed by a longitudinal research, analyses some trends of the development of the contemporary Czechoslovak school, and the influence of these trends on the changes in the learner's personality characteristics. Especially the unsufficient evaluation of the importance of education reflecting itself both in the whole-society climate related to this priority, and in the conditions of work at schools, in the feminization of educational staffs, in a high number of pupils in individual forms and in the unsufficiant material equipment make the conditions which do not make it possible to carry out an up-to-date conception of the educational process in which the pupil is considered a subject of his or her own forming. Together with the residua of the past conceptions proceeding from unification of managing schools these conditions reflect themselves in the state when our contemporary school leads the learner to mediocricity without enablig him or her to develop one's own pesonality. New projects whose efforts are to solve these conditions are to proceed from the reality of the contemporary school, and be looking for new ways of developing the educational system.