Jan Evangelista Purkyně was not solely a physiologist who ranked among the best in the world but on the behalf of his pedagogical ideas he linked up with the foremost educationalists of the 19th century. His interest in pedagogical problems was raised by his own educational activities, his studies, and his convinction that education and knowledge are the decisive factors in the development of any society. The centre of his pedagogical opinions consists in stating the goal of the educational process, the educational content and the concept of the school system, and in the didactic-methodological ideas. — In all these opinions Purkyně’ s vocational erudition, and his progressivity were proved.