The essay, being the result of collective efforts of the workers of the department of Comenius Institute of Pedagogy, the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, aims to evaluate development of Czechoslovak didactics in the last fourty years, in the period of building and development of the socialist school The authors have aimed first of all at the present state of the discipline and draw attention to the problems to be solved in didactics according to social demands and needs and objective tendencies, to the conditions and needs of the socialist school. Monographies, essays published in collections and in the most important pedagogic magazines were the basis of the dialogue. The authors concentrated firstly on the relation of the didactic theory to social needs and demands as the decisive determinant of its development and on the consequences in the conception of education and in the conception of school. Further they deal with the problems they regard as the most frequent and topical. The problemacy of the targets and subject of education, creation of pedagogic documents, the problems of the process of learning and teaching and examination of their results are at stake. At the end of the essay they estimate the influence and the important asset of collaboration with didactics of the socialist countries, especially with the Soviet didactics. They sum up the most important results having contributed to democratization, modernization and polytechnization of education and at the same time they point at the problems not having been fully solved yet.
They regard the general strategic orientation of research, complex and objective knowledge of the didactic reality being taken for the main task of it, as an important presupposition of the development of scientific cognition. They also point at the importance of the interdisciplinary approach within the pedagogic sciencies first of all.