Work on the conception of a prospective system of communist education within the context of the present and the future development of the socialist society is inseparable from that of clarifying, deepening and developing Marxist-Leninist theoretical and methodological starting points of research. This is to be understood in the broadest sense also as a confrontation of ideological positions, principles and theories of Marxist pedagogy with various bourgeois, petty bourgeois and reformist views and conceptions in the field of education. The article brings an analysis of some of I. Illich’s ideas concerning the problems of present-day school and the ways of solving them. A critical assessment concentrates mainly on the difficulties to be met with and the weak points in the author’s theoretical and methodological starting points and ways of approach, the consequences of which are that they lead him objectively to actual resignation and preservation of status quo vis-a-vis a real revolutionary reconstruction of the social and educational systems in the socialist countries.