{"id":151,"date":"2017-03-12T13:10:46","date_gmt":"2017-03-12T12:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/?page_id=151"},"modified":"2020-02-19T12:47:42","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T11:47:42","slug":"fyzika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/fyzika\/","title":{"rendered":"Fyzika"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00e1 t\u00e9mata ve Fyzice<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u010ditel si vyb\u00edr\u00e1 3 t\u00e9mata z jednoho p\u0159edm\u011btu (z organiza\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br t\u00e9mat nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d p\u0159edm\u011bty).<\/p>\n

1. Polovodi\u010de a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/strong>
\nZ\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdm u\u010ditel\u016fm bude nab\u00eddnuto n\u011bkolik pokus\u016f a jednoduch\u00fdch pom\u016fcek, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159i v\u00fduce fyziky na Z\u0160 slou\u017eit k tomu, aby se \u017e\u00e1ci aktivn\u011b seznamovali se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi polovodi\u010dov\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami a objevovali a zkoumali jejich vlastnosti. Od sv\u00edtiv\u00fdch diod se dostaneme i k dal\u0161\u00edm sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1m – bude z\u00e1le\u017eet na z\u00e1jmu a pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f. U\u010ditel\u00e9 budou moci nab\u00eddnut\u00e9 pokusy a pom\u016fcky kriticky komentovat, navrhovat a diskutovat jejich modifikace, sd\u00edlet zku\u0161enosti, jak dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma dosud u\u010dili a zkou\u0161et a ov\u011b\u0159ovat, jak v\u00fduku t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se polovodi\u010d\u016f vylep\u0161ovat. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 pom\u016fcky, doslova za p\u00e1r korun, si \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci budou moci sami vyrobit a odn\u00e9st pro svou v\u00fduku. Pokusy a pom\u016fcky, kter\u00e9 budeme u\u017e\u00edvat, a s nimi souvisej\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1vody a metodick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z dlouholet\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed ze semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f projektu Heur\u00e9ka; v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m projektu budeme m\u00edt \u0161anci je spole\u010dn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b vylep\u0161it a vyzkou\u0161et, jak je co nejl\u00e9pe konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt ve v\u00fduce.<\/p>\n

2. Jednoduch\u00e9 experimenty<\/strong>
\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed experimenty je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt s velice jednoduch\u00fdmi (a cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi) pom\u016fckami, resp. v\u011bcmi, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, a p\u0159esto se na z\u00e1klad\u011b nich d\u00e1 proniknout hloub\u011bji do fyziky ne\u017e s mnoh\u00fdmi komplikovan\u00fdmi pom\u016fckami. V na\u0161ich experimentech budeme mimo jin\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat pap\u00edr, kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a p\u0159itom budeme odkr\u00fdvat zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1konitosti. Experimenty je mo\u017en\u00e9 ve v\u00fduce vyu\u017e\u00edt zejm\u00e9na jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00e9 pokusy, ale i jako z\u00e1klad badatelsky orientovan\u00e9 v\u00fduky. Vhodn\u00e9 jsou jak pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky, tak pro \u017e\u00e1ky nadan\u00e9 a motivovan\u00e9. Experiment\u016fm se budeme v\u011bnovat fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b i didakticky.<\/p>\n

3. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem podporovan\u00e1 v\u00fduka<\/strong>
\nT\u00e9ma rozv\u00edj\u00ed kompetence u\u010ditel\u016f s vyu\u017eit\u00edm ICT ve v\u00fduce fyziky na Z\u0160. U\u010ditel\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed krok se sou\u010dasnou v\u011bdou a technologiemi. Zapojuj\u00ed do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu samotn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky, aby nebyli jen pasivn\u00edmi poslucha\u010di. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edm pom\u016fck\u00e1m. Mo\u017en\u00e9 oblasti: Z\u00e1znam a anal\u00fdza zvuku (Audacity a Souncard Scope), zobrazen\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 teploty p\u0159i kvalitativn\u00edm vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed tepeln\u00fdch jev\u016f (termokamery), sb\u011br a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat sou\u010dasn\u011b se zobrazen\u00edm z\u00e1vislosti pomoc\u00ed grafu (m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my Vernier\/Pasco\/Neulog). Vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed dat z videoz\u00e1znamu (Tracker). M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mobiln\u00edm telefonem\/tabletem r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/p>\n

4. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>
\nLaboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce tvo\u0159\u00ed ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u00fduky fyziky. \u017d\u00e1ci p\u0159i nich nej\u010dast\u011bji prakticky ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed poznatky a z\u00e1konitosti, kter\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bli z v\u00fdkladu vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho. U\u010d\u00ed se pracovat s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi pom\u016fckami a z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi m\u011b\u0159idly a zpracov\u00e1vat dodate\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. U\u010d\u00ed se b\u00e1dat a navrhovat zp\u016fsob ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edch hypot\u00e9z. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b najdeme mnoho \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi znalostmi a schopnostmi. Sou\u010dasn\u011b s inkluz\u00ed se pestrost je\u0161t\u011b rozrostla. Diferencovan\u00e9 zad\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo \u017e\u00e1ky co nejv\u00edce zapojit a posunout. Jak\u00e9 \u00falohy vybrat, jak je zadat, jak s nimi d\u00e1le pracovat, aby nebyly samo\u00fa\u010delnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a podobn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky budou diskutov\u00e1ny a \u0159e\u0161eny.<\/p>\n

5. Pokusy star\u0161\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f pro \u017e\u00e1ky na 1. stupni Z\u0160<\/strong>
\nJednou z m\u00e9n\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch forem pr\u00e1ce se \u017e\u00e1ky ve fyzice je spolupr\u00e1ce star\u0161\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s mlad\u0161\u00edmi d\u011btmi. Poj\u010fme spole\u010dn\u011b hledat cesty, jak tuto formu pr\u00e1ce podpo\u0159it, jak\u00e9 experimenty by mohli sta\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci d\u011btem na prvn\u00edm stupni (nebo t\u0159eba i ve \u0161kolce) uk\u00e1zat, co by je mohli sami u\u010dit, atd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00a0t\u011bchto t\u00e9mat je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdstup\u016f projektu, dostupn\u00e9 zde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00e1 t\u00e9mata ve Fyzice U\u010ditel si vyb\u00edr\u00e1 3 t\u00e9mata z jednoho p\u0159edm\u011btu (z organiza\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br t\u00e9mat nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d p\u0159edm\u011bty). 1. Polovodi\u010de a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky Z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdm u\u010ditel\u016fm bude nab\u00eddnuto n\u011bkolik pokus\u016f a jednoduch\u00fdch pom\u016fcek, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159i v\u00fduce fyziky na Z\u0160 slou\u017eit k tomu, aby se \u017e\u00e1ci aktivn\u011b seznamovali se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi polovodi\u010dov\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami a … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":448,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-151","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/448"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1530,"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151\/revisions\/1530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.pedf.cuni.cz\/sc25\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}