(CZ) Padesát let sovětské školy a pedagogiky
(EN) Fifty Years of Soviet Psychology

This contribution gives a brief outline of the development of some problems concerning general and pedagogical psychology in the Soviet Union. Its aim was to point out the specificicness of Soviet psychology, which was -based on the knowledge gained by Russian psychologists and physiologists. It also points out the bitter struggle for a Marxist psychology in the post-revolutionary period, the significance of such personalities as L. S. Vogotski and S. L. Rubinstein in the development of Marxist psychology. Finally, a short survey is given about the development and condemnation of the pedological movement and about the development of pedagogical psychology during and after the war.