The present study summarizes the fundamental data that are prepared by An Independent Interdisciplinary Group for the Preparation of the Scholar Reform. The individual problems* are discussed from the following three points of view: the contemporary status — consequences — possible decisions to make. In the first part of the study, the authors’ attention is paid to a selection of individuals for the teacher’s profession, alternative concepts in preparing pre-service teach ers, accreditation of working sites able to form the pre-service teachers, verification of teachers’ competence and the adaptation of teachers to working conditions. The second part deals with the intrinsic motivation of the in-service teachers and their exstrinsic stimulation. In the third part, the scientific knowledge is summarized on the variables which influence the effectiveness of teaching. The benefit of the assessment and self-assessment methods for the teachers is emphasized.