(CZ) Videokluby jako forma profesního vzdělávání učitelů: otevřenost komunikace z pohledu učitelů
(EN) Videoclubs as a form of professional development: How open is the communication from the teachers’ perspective
Autor / Author: Minaříková, E., Uličná, K., Píšová, M., Janík, T., Janík, M.
Klíčová slova / Key words: videokluby, profesní rozvoj učitelů, profesní učící se komunita, video v učitelském vzdělávání
videoclubs, teachers’ professional development, professional learning community, video in teacher education
Tato studie se zabývá videokluby jakožto intenzivní formou profesního vzdělávání učitelů. V teoretické části se zaměřuje na profesní učící se komunity a na využití videosekvencí v rámci profesního rozvoje učitelů. Poté je představeno naše pojetí videoklubů pro učitele anglického jazyka na základních školách. Cílem předkládané studie bylo prozkoumat, jak účastníci videoklubů popisují svou zkušenost s touto formou profesního rozvoje, především své vnímání otevřenosti a kritičnosti ve videoklubech. Videoklubů se zúčastnilo 11 učitelů anglického jazyka, kteří pracovali ve třech skupinách. Zdrojem dat byly polostrukturované rozhovory s jednotlivými účastníky, přepisy videozáznamů posledního setkání videoklubů a e-mailové zpětné vazby účastníků, které psali po každém ze setkání. Data byla zpracována metodou tematické analýzy. Výsledky naznačují, že ačkoli učitelé popisovali atmosféru videoklubů jako příjemnou a otevřenou, zjevně pociťovali nedostatek kritiky a přítomnost diplomacie a korektnosti. Jejich postoje ke kritice se ale lišily – některým chyběla, jiní ji naopak nevnímali jako nutnou součást videoklubů, jelikož každý z učitelů má vlastní přístup a kritizovat je proto nežádoucí. Tyto postoje otevírají otázku, zda se v některých skupinách nejednalo spíše o pseudokomunitu a vyhýbání se konfliktu a jak tomuto nastavení mohou tvůrci a facilitátoři podobných programů předejít.
Annotation:
The study focuses on videoclubs as a form of intensive teacher education programme. The theoretical part discusses professional learning communities and the use of video in teacher education. Following this, our realization of videoclubs for teachers of English as a foreign language at basic schools is introduced. This study aims to investigate videoclub participants’ experience with this form of teacher education, focussing especially on their views on how open and critical the communication in videoclubs was. 11 teachers of English as a foreign language took part in our study, working in three stable groups. The data included transcripts of semistructured interviews with individual participants, transcripts of the last videoclub meetings where teachers had a chance to provide facilitators with feedback, and e-mail feedback that the teachers sent in after each videoclub meeting. Thematic analysis was used to fulfil the research aims. The results suggest that even though the teachers described the atmosphere in videoclubs as pleasant and open, they felt the lack of criticism and the presence of diplomacy and correctness among colleagues. Their views on criticism differed, however. Some of them missed it whilst others did not perceive it as an important part of videoclubs as each teacher has their own approach and criticising is not desirable. That could, nevertheless, be a sign of pseudocommunity and of conflict avoidance rather than of critical colleagueship that is a desirable quality of professional learning communities. This opens a question of how designers and facilitators of similar teacher education programmes could promote open communication and critical colleagueship.
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Literatura / References:
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Janík, T., Minaříková, E., Píšová, M., Uličná, K., & Janík, M. (2016). Profesní vidění a jeho rozvíjení prostřednictvím videoklubů. Brno: Munipress.
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Seidel, T., Stürmer, K., Blomberg, G., Kobarg, M., & Schwindt, K. (2011). Teacher learning from analysis of videotaped classroom situations: Does it make a difference whether teachers observe their own teaching or that of others? Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(2), 259–267.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487108328155
Shulman, L. S., & Shulman, J. H. (2004). How and what teachers learn: A shifting perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(2), 257–271.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10833-006-0001-8
Tickle L. (1994). The induction of new teachers. London: Casell. van Es, E. A. (2012). Examining the development of a teacher learning community: The case of a video club. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(2), 182–192.
van Es, E. A., & Sherin, M. G. (2008). Mathematics teachers' learning to notice" in the context of a video club. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(2), 244–276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.11.005
van Es, E. A., Tunney, J., Golgsmith, L. T., & Seago, N. (2014a). A framework for the facilitation of teachers' analysis of video. Journal of Teacher Education, 65(4), 340–356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487114534266
van Es, E. A., Tunney, J., Seago, N., & Goldsmith, L. T. (2014b). Facilitation practices for supporting teacher learning with video. In B. Calandra & P. J. Rich (Eds.), Digital video for teacher education: Research and practice (s. 109–126). Abingdon: Routledge.
Vondrová, N., Cachová, J., Coufalová, J., & Krátká, M. (2016). Lesson study" v českých podmínkách: Jak učitelé vnímali svou účast a jaký vliv měla na jejich všímání si didakticko-matematických jevů. Pedagogika, 66(4), 427–442.
Westheimer, J. (1998). Among schoolteachers: Community, autonomy, and ideology in teachers' work. New York: Teachers College Press.
Zhang, M., Lundeberg, M., & Koehler, M. J. (2015). Affordances and challenges of different types of video for teachers' professional development. In B. Calandra & P. J. Rich (Eds.), Digital video for teacher education: Research and practice (s. 147–163). Abingdon: Routledge.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Dostupné z http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/11735
http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers' professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational researcher, 38(3), 181–199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08331140
Gaudin, C., & Chalies, S. (2015). Video viewing in teacher education and professional development: A literature review. Educational Research Review, 16, 41–67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.06.001
Grossman, P., Wineburg, S., & Woolworth, S. (2001). Toward a theory of teacher community. Teachers College Record, 103, 942–1012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0161-4681.00140
Hargreaves, A. (2000). Four ages of professionalism and professional learning. Teachers and Teaching: History and Practice, 6(2), 151–182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713698714
Janík, T., Minaříková, E., Píšová, M., Uličná, K., & Janík, M. (2016). Profesní vidění a jeho rozvíjení prostřednictvím videoklubů. Brno: Munipress.
Kašparová, V., Holečková, A., Hučín, J., Janík, T., Najvar, P., Píšová, M., et al. (2015). Analytická zpráva z šetření TALIS 2013. Praha: Česká školní inspekce.
Koellner, K., Jacobs, J., Borko, H., Schneider, C., Pittman, M. E., Eiteljorg, E., et al. (2007). The Problem-Solving Cycle: A model to support the development of teachers' professional knowledge. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 9(3), 273–303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10986060701360944
Lefstein, A., & Snell, J. (2011). Professional vision and the politics of teacher learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(3), 505–514.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.10.004
Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Littlewood, W. (2004). The task-based approach: Some questions and suggestions. ELT Journal, 58(4), 319–326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/58.4.319
Minaříková, E., & Janík, T. (2012). Profesní vidění učitelů: od hledání pojmu k možnostem jeho uchopení. Pedagogická orientace, 22(2), 181–204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/PedOr2012-2-181
Najvar, P., Najvarová, V., Janík, T., & Šebestová, S. (2011). Videostudie v edukačním výzkumu. Brno: Paido.
Rimmele, R. (2002). Videograph. Multimedia-Player zur Kodierung von Videos. Kiel: IPN.
Roth, J. K., Garnier, H. E., Chen, C., Lemmens, M., Schwille, K., & Wickler, N. I. Z. (2011). Videobased lesson analysis: Effective science PD for teacher and student learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(2), 117–148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tea.20408
Seidel, T., Stürmer, K., Blomberg, G., Kobarg, M., & Schwindt, K. (2011). Teacher learning from analysis of videotaped classroom situations: Does it make a difference whether teachers observe their own teaching or that of others? Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(2), 259–267.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.009
Sherin, M. G. (2004). New perspectives on the role of video in teacher education. In J. Brophy (Ed.), Using video in teacher education (s. 1–27). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Sherin, M. G. (2007). The development of teachers´ professional vision in video clubs. In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences (s. 383–395). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Sherin, M. G., & van Es, E. A. (2009). Effects of video club participation on teachers' professional vision. Journal of Teacher Education, 60(1), 20–37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487108328155
Shulman, L. S., & Shulman, J. H. (2004). How and what teachers learn: A shifting perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(2), 257–271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022027032000148298
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner. London: Basic Books.
Společný evropský referenční rámec pro jazyky. Jak se učíme jazykům, jak je vyučujeme a jak v jazycích hodnotíme. (2002). Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.
Stoll, L., Bolam, R., McMahon, A., Wallace, M., & Thomas, S. (2006). Professional learning communities: A review of the literature. Journal of Educational Change, 7, 221–258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10833-006-0001-8
Tickle L. (1994). The induction of new teachers. London: Casell. van Es, E. A. (2012). Examining the development of a teacher learning community: The case of a video club. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(2), 182–192.
van Es, E. A., & Sherin, M. G. (2008). Mathematics teachers' learning to notice" in the context of a video club. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(2), 244–276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.11.005
van Es, E. A., Tunney, J., Golgsmith, L. T., & Seago, N. (2014a). A framework for the facilitation of teachers' analysis of video. Journal of Teacher Education, 65(4), 340–356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487114534266
van Es, E. A., Tunney, J., Seago, N., & Goldsmith, L. T. (2014b). Facilitation practices for supporting teacher learning with video. In B. Calandra & P. J. Rich (Eds.), Digital video for teacher education: Research and practice (s. 109–126). Abingdon: Routledge.
Vondrová, N., Cachová, J., Coufalová, J., & Krátká, M. (2016). Lesson study" v českých podmínkách: Jak učitelé vnímali svou účast a jaký vliv měla na jejich všímání si didakticko-matematických jevů. Pedagogika, 66(4), 427–442.
Westheimer, J. (1998). Among schoolteachers: Community, autonomy, and ideology in teachers' work. New York: Teachers College Press.
Zhang, M., Lundeberg, M., & Koehler, M. J. (2015). Affordances and challenges of different types of video for teachers' professional development. In B. Calandra & P. J. Rich (Eds.), Digital video for teacher education: Research and practice (s. 147–163). Abingdon: Routledge.