This overview study consists of six sections. The introduction argues that cheating at school cannot be explained simply in terms of the characteristics of the pupils themselves; the characteristics of their teachers and the whole school context in which cheating takes placc are also crucial factors. The second section is devoted to the specific terminology used in the field (for example prompting, unconscious plagiarism, conscious plagiarism). The third part presents a classification of the different types of traditional and electronic cheating. The fourth section discusses problems associated with detecting cases of traditional and electronic cheating and appropriate ways of reacting to them. The fifth section summarises the results of recent research of school cheating (research methods, variables influences cheating, motives for cheating). The last and sixth section deals with the prevention of traditional and electronic cheating.