The survey study consists in three parts. In the first part, problems that relate to reviewing manuscripts adressed to the editorial board of a journal are discussed. Among others, there are such problems as the decision whether to introduce reviewing of all manusripts, whether the reviewer will be anonymous for the author, whether the author will be anonymous for the reviewer, according to what criteria to choose reviewers, according to what criteria to review manuscripts, according to what criteria to assess the quality of the article reviewed etc. The second part deals with the most common reasons that lead to the rejection of a received manuscript. In the case of research studies, the following are the five most frequent reasons: inappropriate statistic methods, exaggerated generalization of the results, an inappropriate diagnostic method, a badly selected sample of persons tested, poorly understandable prose. The third part of the study focuses on ethical aspects of the author‘s work in preparing the manuscript of the article and the ethical aspects of the reviewer‘s assessment of the quality of the manuscript presented to the editorial board for publication.