The work deals with studies on specific learning disorders conducted in the Czech Republic and it traces the development of those studies from the initial research conducted in 50s and 60s by the health institutions, it reviews the first specialised classes and goes to the systematic care within the school system. In the 70s, special classes were set out by legislation and the main professional guarantors became the regional educational-psychological counselling offices. In the 90s, there has been a change in the approach to children with learning disorders and these children were integrated into ordinary schools. Currently most imminent problems are those of dyslexia among the pupils of higher grades of elementary schools and secondary school students.