(CZ) Samostatnost a samostatná práce studentů vysokých škol
(EN) Independence and the work on own's own of the university students

The essay is a response to P. Dittrich’s article (the magazine „Pedagogika“, nr. 3/1987) „The concept of the learner’s independent work in the teaching process". In contrast to the author deliminating the elementary concepts „independence" and „the work on one’s own“ on the basis of experiences from basic and secondary schools, this essay is backed by experiences made at universities and schools of university level.
„Independence" is defined as a certain level of a subject’s independence (a subject being conceived here not only as an individual, but also as a group, starting with a pair) from external stimuli, either personal or impersonal. The level of independence is then the basis of one’s independent thinking or activity, and results in the independent, creative development of a personality. As the independence in a person’s a conduct is in question here. The education to independence should surpass the frame of the school teaching situations and teach students how to orientate themselves in their future professional situations.
The concept of the „work on one’s own“ represents a well motivated analogy between the study and the work. The students’ work on their own is a synthesis of three significances of this concept: 1. A student's "work on one's own", independently from any personal model. 2. Independence from the teacher's managing activity. 3. A menas of forming the student's personality.
The three deliminations being accepted by the authors of this essay the three approaches are justified.