(CZ) Sovětská pedagogická psychologie — její význam pro rozvoj teorie a praxe
(EN) Soviet Pedagogic Psychology — Its Significance for the Development of Pedagogic Theory and Practice

This paper has been conceived from the viewpoint of the sixty years that have passed since the Great October Socialist Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet State. The first part gives an insight into the development of pedagogic psychology. Emphasizing the contribution made by L. S. Vygotskij, it characterizes the principles he formulated:
1. cultural and historical determination of the development of a child;
2. instrumental conditionality of the development of higher psychic functions;
3. interiorization of the outer into the inner, and of the social into- the psychic;
4. learning as the main dynamic factor of the development of the psyche;
5. the leading role of the formation of scientific notions in the development of thinking;
6. zones of the nearest development. The second part deals with the upswing of Soviet pedagogic psychology in the sixties and seventies. Attention is paid to:
1. problems of the leading types of activity representing the basis of the periodization of ontogenesis and of the starting point of effective educational work;
2. problems of the developing teaching and learning processes;
3. problems of the shaping of personality in education, mainly with respect to questions of transforming educational aims into inner needs.