(CZ) Rozvijanie prirodovednej gramotnosti žiakov 1. stupna ZŠ s využíváním metod riadeného objavovania
(EN) The Development of Natural Science Literacy in Pupils in the First Stage of Basic School Using the Method of Managed Discovery

V příspěvku prezentujeme výsledky výskumu, zameraného na zisťovanie vplyvu navrhované) koncepcie vyučovania tematického celku Technika, technické objavy na zvysovanie úrovně přírodovědné) gramotnosti iiakov 1. stupňa základné) školy. Podrobnejšie sa zameria-vame na účinnost‘navrhované) koncepcie vyučovania z hládiska zvysovania úrovně schopností riešiťproblémové úlohy z běžného života u žiakov experimentálně) skupiny a na příklade jednej z testových úloh naznačujeme, ako sa v experimentálnej skupině zvyšovala úroveň schopností žiakov využívat‘poznatky o elektrickej vodivosti na riešenie reálnej problémovej úlohy.

The article presents the results of research on the usefulness of a proposed concept of technique, technical discoveries for improving the level of science literacy among elementary-school pupils. It investigates in detail the effectiveness of the concept for raising pupils‘ problem-solving abilities in an experimental group. Using a concrete test task it showed how knowledge of electrical conductivity increased in the experimental group. Education based on the proposed concept, with principles of pedagogical constructivism, use of managed discovery methods, and pupils‘ application of knowledge through experimentation, proved more effective than the use of the transmission method‘s in the control group. Accordingly, we believe that teachers who teach using the method of direct transmission of knowledge should reevaluate their methods and introduced managed discovery techniques. The new educational system uses a duplex model of curriculum, thus offering enough room for pupil‘s key competence development at their personally accessible level. Schools can plan their educational programmes to enable them to go beyond the frame of factual knowledge acquirement on the level of retention. In this way it is possible to lead pupils to deeper a deeper understanding of a theme and its connection to practice, and to genuinely develop their problem-solving abilities.