(CZ) Programované učení v mikroskupinách a jeho didaktický přínos
(EN) Programmed Learning in Microgroups and its Didactic Contribution

Programmed learning has so far been used in the educational process mostly as individual work with a programme. Therefore no use was made in programmed learning of social interaction, social facilitation, and the social component as such was missing. Programmed learning has bypassed the problem of socializing the child. Socialization of the pupil is helped by group work of the pupils in the teaching process. An experiment which was carried out in ten classes of fourteen-year-olds in the Elementary School was to verify experimentally whether group work with a linear programme was more effective from the point of view of didactic contribution than individual learning with a programme. The experiment has shown that linear programmes which were originally designed for individual work can also be used for group work. The experiment has further shown that group work with a programmed text brings significantly better didactic results in unstreamed classes and in streamed classes with a practical bias. In the streamed classes with an academic bias the group work brings better results in retention texts. We consider the results attained in the experiment as significant. They show that programmed texts can be used in group work, too, and thus draw attention to further possibilities of programmed learning. Programmed learning in microgroups retains all the merits of programmed learning and what is more, enriches it by adding social components of learning to it.