(CZ) Utopismus T. Campanelly
(EN) T. Campanella and His Utopia

This study is devoted to the four-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Thomas Campanella, Italian philosopher and socialist utopian. The authoress mentioned first of all the most important data about his agitated life, which prove that Campanella was not only a utopian dreamer, but also an active fighter for social progress and the freedom of scientific thought. Further on, the authoress studied the evaluation of Campanella’s renaissance philosophical ideas by Czech and Slovak philosophers and educationists (F. Drtina, J. B. Kozak, Josef Tvrdy, Jan Kvačala) as well as by Czech comeniologists with regard to T. Campanella’s influences on J. A. Comenius. The third part of the study deals with contemporary critical views (from the social aspect) of Campanella’s utopian work called ≫the Sun’s State≪. This broader viewpoint is the necessary pre-requisite for the fourth part, in which the authoress deals with Campanella’s views of upbringing and education in the conception of non-Marxist as well as socialist pedagogy. The authoress draws on domestic as well as foreign specialist literature. Campanella may serve as an example in connecting philosophy, politics and the problems of education. Campanella wanted collective education and equality of opportunity for education to be guaranteed by the State to all young citizens of the Sun’s State, which in his times represented a revolutionary ideal. Progressive social demands (removal of private ownership, a new socially ethical attitude to work, social organization of production and distribution) were linked up with the demand for labour education of children and young people. In the field of didactic Campanella stressed object teaching, activity of pupils and individual approach to them. Campanella’s emphasis on the direct study of nature is also noteworthy. Campanella contributed to the formation of the modern ideal of equality and humanitarian relations among people. Thereby he became one of the pioneers of progressive social, philosophical and pedagogical ideas of European culture.